Hill & angle starts

Hill and angle starts
Introduction

By now your clutch control, gear changes, (P.O.M) moving off from the side of the road and stopping on the left hand side of the road (smoothly) under full control should now becoming independent.  Your anticipation, awareness, planning with the road ahead, behind, including reacting to pedestrians and cyclists while driving should also be improving.

Agreed lesson is covering :-

On this lesson you have agreed with your instructor you will be working on Hill and angle starts.
You will be using the hazard and L.A.D.A routine during this lesson and on the way to the training location you will be assessed on your driving skills

You will continue to develop with last lesson brief:-
  • L.A.D.A & M.S.P.S.G routines on junctions you approach
  • Two second gap. hold back position
  • Meeting , overtaking, adequate clearance when overtaking stationary & slow moving vehicles 
  • Awareness and planning
  • Traffic calming measures
Agree level of instruction

Intervention

Agree on what part of the lesson is going to be a instructor-lead-lesson and client-centred-lesson and if it is client-lead agree if the instructor has to intervein verbally and take control of the training vehicle by ether using the dual control, verbally or take the wheel the lesson plan may need to be changed until the fault is fixed.

F.I.S.H
Fault
Implication
Solution
Help

Lesson aims and strategies

The aim of today’s lesson is for you and your instructor to disuse where the support can be reduced and which areas you have agreed to work on independently. Working on independency and forward planning with the use of L. A. D. A and M.S.P.S.G routine's on the way to the training area.
Once at the training area you will be briefed on uphill gradients using clutch control by using the correct amount of biting point on the clutch.  You will also be briefed down hill starts and angle startsThis will improve your moving off on uphill and downhill gradients. 
During this lesson you will be assessed on your general drive but your instructor will give you as much support as you need. 

Risk responsibility objective's

You and your instructor will agree lesson plan support to ether:-
  • Full talk through
  • Prompt 
  • Independent
This is important to ensure that the instructor and student understands who has the main responsibility on the control of the training vehicle on the set lesson plan.
Your level of instruction will be given by your instructor to a level to suit you from full talk through then reducing your support to either prompt or independent.

Lesson brief

The key of today’s lesson is for you to drive to a suitable location with a 30/40 degree up and down (hill) gradients then be briefed on how to move the vehicle away from the side of the road safely and under full control.  Included on this lesson you will also learn how to move away at an angle from behind a parked vehicle.

Included on this lesson also you will learning how to hold your training vehicle on an incline while using clutch control then slowly move it forward with steady use of your clutch.

Moving off

  • You were marked on:
  • control - your ability to control the car
  • safety - your ability to perform this action safely
  • You needed to show you could move off safely and under control throughout your test. This included:
  • from the side of the road
  • on a slope or hill (gradient)
  • from behind a parked vehicle, so you have to move off at an angle
  • at junctions
  • You should have used your mirrors and checked blind spots to observe your surroundings, and signalled when necessary. Your control of the car should have prevented it from rolling backwards or stalling.


Examples of faults

  • Some of the most common faults for this area include:
  • trying to move off without appropriate control and rolling back
  • not properly checking your blind spots
  • moving off into the path of an oncoming vehicle
  • repeatedly stalling when moving off throughout your test
  • Your examiner may have explained the specific details of any faults you made.
  • How you can improve in this area
  • If you made faults in this area during your test, or if you want to improve in this area, you should:
  • check rules 159 to 161 of The Highway Code
  • read pages 91 to 93 of ‘The Official DVSA Guide to Driving: the Essential Skills’ (2022 edition)
  • If you need to rebook the test, spend time practising and improving this skill with your driving instructor or supervising driver. You could work on:
  • finding the biting point when using the clutch, to prevent stalling
  • using the mirrors - signal - manoeuvre (MSM) routine

Uphill Start off using P.O.M/M.S.M routines


In the Preparation of P.O.M you will need more biting point on your clutch pedal and you will need more gas (pedal), this will stop you from rolling back, give you the sufficient power needed to move away on an uphill gradient and will ensure your vehicle doesn’t stall.

£1 thickness of the clutch pedal


Most common fault


When you release the handbrake your vehicle rolls backwards, the consequence (implication) here is that you could roll back into the vehicle behind you or even worse a pedestrian. So you can see the hill start skill is very important for the safety of others.

The remedy the roll back is to slightly raise your clutch pedal a THICKNESS of a POUND COIN until you have the correct about of biting point to hold your training vehicle (the key to success is to ensure you have the biting point before moving off). 


Uphill starts


The key to uphill starts is for you to understand the clutch pedal so if your vehicle does not roll back when you release your handbrake. If your training vehicles does roll back this means your clutch is too low. To fix this problem just raise your clutch up a £1 coin thickness at a time until you no longer rolls back, then this will hold vehicle stays still or roll slightly forward.


To move your vehicle forward raise your clutch up £1 up at a time till you are moving forward.


Highway code rule 252

Parking up and leaving your vehicle on a hill


Use of steering wheel


For extra safety in case your handbraked ever failed on a hill, turn your steering wheel full lock right. Then if your training vehicle does for any reason roll back your front wheel of your training vehicle will roll back and touch the kerb and stop your vehicle rolling back any more. However if your wheels where straight it will just roll straight back in a straight line and could collide back into a park vehicle or even worse a pedestrian.


Use of 1st gear


You can also keep your gear stick in 1st gear if you know your handbrake is not working as efficiently as it should be.  Here is two strategy's on security if your vehicle on a hill.

Use the P.O.M routine

Prepare
  • Clutch down 1st gear and find the biting point
  • Then set a little gas
Observations
  • 6 point safety checks
  • Release your hand
Manoeuvrer
  • See-saw your feet

DL25 broken down

DL25 form is the form that is used on your driving test, you can find the form on the internet.  You can also find the DL25 information that breaks all section down, it explains everything you need to know about the essential skills needed to pass your driving test so for example (below) 
Moving off section on the DL25

You were marked on:
  • control - your ability to control the car
  • safety - your ability to perform this action safely
You needed to show you could move off safely and under control throughout your test. This included:-
  • from the side of the road
  • on a slope or hill (gradient)
  • from behind a parked vehicle, so you have to move off at an angle 
  • at junctions
You should have used your mirrors and checked blind spots to observe your surroundings, and signalled when necessary. Your control of the car should have prevented it from rolling backwards or stalling.

Downhill Start with P.O.M/M.S.M routines


On a downhill start (decline) you will need less gas! As gravity will do the work.

Use the P.O.M routine, but the difference is you depress the clutch and select 2nd gear and find the biting point.

Prepare


Clutch down 2nd gear and find the biting point

Then set a little gas

Observations
  • 6 point safety checks
  • Signal right
Manoeuvrer

When it is safe behind and in front release your handbrake and drive on to your normal road position.
As the vehicle rolls down the hill apply gas. 
Steadily see-saw your clutch and accelerator pedals and build speed up and drive on

Snow and icy conditions


You would also need to the downhill start method to pull away when it snow or icy. Obviously you wouldn’t need it 100% of the time but if you try and pull away and your drive wheels loose traction and just wheel spin you will not move. Just remind yourself of this lesson plan and look professional as you pull away. 

Parking up and leaving your vehicle on a hill


Use of steering wheel


For extra safety in case your handbraked ever failed on a down hill, turn your steering wheel full lock left. Then if your training vehicle does for any reason roll forward your front wheel of your training vehicle will roll forward and touch the kerb and stop your vehicle rolling forward any more. However if your wheels where straight it will just roll straight forward in a straight line and could collide forward into a park vehicle or even worse a pedestrian.


Use of reverse gear


You can also keep your gear stick in reverse gear if you know your handbrake is not working as efficiently as it should be.  Here is two strategy's on security if your vehicle on a hill.

Highway code rule 227
Moving off at an angle (prepare your car as normal P.O.M/P.O.S.M/M.S.M)

On your driving test your examiner could ask you to do an angel start.
Use you M.S.M to pull up on the left hand side off the road and pull up behind the parked vehicle of your examiners choice (give yourself 2/3 car lengths space from it).
Then make your vehicle safe.

Then you will be asked to drive on when safe

Preparation
  • Clutch down
  • 1st gear
  • Find your biting point 
  • Set your gas.
Observations

6 point safety checks

Blind spots

When moving off at an angle it is harder to see and be seen so check your right blind spot at least twice as you pulling off as you could have easily missed something.
Signal

  • Apply a right signal even if you think there is no one to benefit (always backup your intention). 
  • Only start to signal right (indicate) when there are no vehicles coming from behind but signal for oncoming vehicles from ahead, as they will not be able to see you till you moved out slightly at an angle from behind the parked vehicle that is in front of you.
Manoeuvre
  • Remember you are moving off slowly as your close to a parked vehicle in front of you
  • Use clutch control to keep your speed down until you have straightened your drive wheels by using the pull/ push method of steering.
Highway code rule 159
Discuss and agree your next lesson

Learning techniques and strategies

Practice achieving and improving the M.S.P.S.G & L.A.D.A routine's on hill/angel starts and improve your junctions, awareness and planning with the road ahead on the way to the training location.

Once you have practiced a few situations a few times your instructor will reduce his/her support transferring his responsibility over to you (that's if you agree with this).

Lesson Planning

  • Agree learning goals and needs of todays lesson
  • Agree appropriate lesson structure (full, partially or independent level of instruction)
  • Practice in a suitable training area
  • Agreed if needed to adapt the lesson plan to help the pupil work towards their new learning goals if any verbal or physical intervention was made by the instructor
Risk Management

Fully understood how the responsibility for risk of the lesson would be shared on the lesson plan between instructor and student.

  • Directional instructions will be given in ADI format (Alert, direction and identify manor) given to the pupil clear and given in good time
  • Agree if the students made a minor, serious or dangerous error on your lesson it will be broken down using F.I.S.H (fault, implications, solution & help) this method of feedback helps pupils understand what fault is being made and how to strategies on how correct the faults.
Teaching & Learning Strategies

Like mentioned earlier every student is induvial and each and everyone of you will progress at different rates so driving will adapt their lesson plan to help you achieve your driving goals.

  • Your driving instructor will adapt their teaching style to suite your ability and ability
  • Your driving instructor will continue to encourage you on your lesson and analyse any problems made and allow you to take responsibility for your own learning goals by giving you technical information to improve your techniques. Your technical feed back from your instructor will be ether given on the move or if feel needed by pulling you up on the side of the road somewhere safe, legal and convenient.
Rote learning (WikipediA)

Rote learning is a memorization technique based on repetition. The method rests on the premise that the recall of repeated material becomes faster the more one repeats it. Some of the alternatives to rote learning include meaningful learning, associative learning, spaced repetition and active learning.

At the end of your lesson 

At the end of your lesson you will have a debrief with your instructor giving you the opportunity to reflect on your performance on your lesson then you can set up new goals for your next driving lesson.

This will also give you the opportunity to research any new topics that will be brought into on your next agreed lesson.
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